Osteosarcoma: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Emerging Opportunities.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy of childhood and adolescence. Despite advances in cures for many pediatric neoplasms, outcomes for osteosarcoma have not significantly changed for nearly 4 decades and treatment is similar for patients with both standard and higher risk disease. Recent progress has been demonstrated with evidence of activity of multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with advanced osteosarcoma; further study is needed to evaluate their use for newly diagnosed patients. Novel approaches seek to exploit common cell surface antigens (LRRC15 and B7-H3) as well as aberrant DNA repair mechanisms and cell cycle checkpoints.